Journal of the stylistic of Persian poem and prose
volume Number 13، number In Volume 3، June 2020 ، issue Number 49

The Face of the Beloved in Saadi Lyrical Poems According to the Personal Pronouns of the Addressee

Asghar Bahari (Author in Charge)

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: understanding the meaning of the text, using pronouns and the quality and number of the pronouns may show the semantic features of the poems and analysis of the relationships that govern the text. Considering that Saadi Shirazi’s lyrical poems are the pure representative of language in the field of construction and meaning, in this article we examine the type of used personal pronoun of the addressee and the method and purpose of using it in conversation with the beloved (addressee), as well as its confrontation with the first person speaker as both sides of a conversation.

METHODOLOGY: this article is based on library studies and descriptive-analytical method and the study area and population of the research are Saadi lyrical poems.

FINDINGS: according to the findings, out of about 10000 lines of poetry that were analyzed, 6700 lines are dedicated to talking to the beloved. 42% pronouns are of the second person singular, and of these 29% of the cases are used to refer to the addressee that Saadi is interested in, the separate pronoun (thou), and 13% of the cases the attached Persian pronoun T (thee) are used. In about 8% of cases, there is an attached pronoun (you) in the meaning of the second person, i.e. the same lover.

CONCLUSION: when talking to his lover, Saadi uses more of the detached pronoun (you) to express his feeling and to refer to himself, the attached pronoun (M). repetition of pronouns throughout the sonnet creates the chain of meaning that connects the sonnet from the top to the bottom. Most of the references in Saadi lyric poems are of extra-textual type, and in cases where it is in-text, it is often of the backward type, or the meaning of the pronoun references comes in the next phrase. In Saadi"s conversational sonnets [dialogue with beloved], what exists from the speaker"s first person pronoun is only due to the action of the second person.

Keyword
personal pronouns , discourse , Saʽdi’s sonnets , beloved

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